Traffic police and land managers are seen as the most corrupt officials, according to a survey published yesterday by the world bank and the inspection of the Government of Viet Nam.
Tran Duc Luong, Deputy Inspector-General of the Government Inspectorate, said the results of the survey titled "Corruption from the perspective of citizens, businesses and public officials"-represent the views of more than 2,600 citizens, businesses and officials at 1,058 1,801 10 provinces and five ministries, although this is not necessarily the whole of Viet Nam.
Since these provinces surveyed accounted for 30 percent of the population and produce 65 percent of the GDP of the country, the results are compelling, he said.
More than one of the three selected respondents said corruption as one of the three most serious problems for Viet Nam, James Anderson, a world bank expert. This illustrates a widespread belief that corruption in both sectors, but also in the construction and customs, is a serious problem, he said.
About 47 percent of citizens surveyed said that she had unofficial bribes paid to traffic police, while 25 percent said that they had to give unofficial payments for health care services and other administrative services.
Nguyen Anh Hai, a resident of Ha Noi, said that if a new car driver last month they spent more than 10 million dong (US $ 476) in bribes to police officers who accused her of unreasonable traffic offences. She couldn't disagree with them, so she was forced to pay the costs.
Pham Lam, another resident of Hanoi, said when he mentioned his criminal record for a visa application, he was asked three times the documents again. He didn't know why as the official refused to him to explain.
Then said that he discovered that he had to give him money, that the procedure to a rapid conclusion, he.
Meanwhile, reported companies usually pay bribes in the use of unofficial services of tax agencies (33 per cent), administration agencies (22 percent), traffic police (16 percent) and customs (16 percent).
Victoria Kwakwa, Country Director of the world bank in Viet Nam, said that the system of corruption is fed by the supply and demand sides, creating a vicious circle of bureaucratic problems and non-official payments demanded or offered to solve these problems. More often than not, these payments are initiated by the supply side.
When respondents are asked about why they pay bribes, is the most common answer that officials deliberately create difficulties or delay problems.
In particular, said 63 percent of the companies surveyed officials intentionally slow down the enterprises requests until she bribes, received 22 percent of officials said that they witnessed other officials intentionally slowing their tasks to elicit bribes and 29% of the citizens were forced to pay bribes to solve as a result of such tactics.
Anderson said that nearly 60 percent of the companies and almost 40% of the citizens paid bribes to get things done immediately.
The agencies reported to make most problems are also those most informal payments received.
Between undertakings, however, unofficial pay bribes, a large part of the businesses give money or gifts actively initiated.
In more than 70 percent of the cases, the unofficial payments were actively proposed by companies and the rest were demanded by officials. Traffic police and market mangement agencies top the list of agencies requests unofficial payments.
The same result can be seen of civil comments: about 80 percent of them such payments for taxes and health care services.
Anh Lam agreed they gave voluntary citizens and unofficial bribes to avoid unexpected problems or lengthy procedures.
Deputy Inspector General Luong said a number of measures to prevent corruption in recent years have been taken, but major changes did not occur.
Approximately 80-90% of the survey respondents believe that corrupt people are not punished enough, and that not enough attention is paid to improving the ethics of leaders and senior officials.
"If the problem of corruption is partly generated by the supply side, the need to change societal attitudes is even clearer," said Kwakwa. "Businesses and citizens need to know that there are alternatives for bribery, and where no alternatives exist, the Viet Nam leaders need to create them."
Mechanisms to ensure that this policy all the more fully implemented would help reduce corruption nationwide, she said.
Anderson said the research also suggests that it is necessary to help the system of active statements to establish clear is where conflicts lie.
Empowerment of the media to the dissemination of knowledge of the rules and social costs of corruption and provide the public with information about dealing with difficult situations would also help, he said.
Fiona Lappin, head of the British Department of international development in Viet Nam, agreed that the media have an important role in the fight against corruption play can-as long as it has access to adequate information.
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